What is Malware ?
Malware, short for malicious software, is a broad term used to describe any software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise devices, networks, or data. Cybercriminals use malware to gain unauthorized access, steal sensitive information, disrupt operations, or demand ransoms from victims.
Types of Malware
- Viruses: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate files or software and spread when the infected files are shared or executed.
- Worms: Standalone programs that replicate themselves to spread across networks, often exploiting vulnerabilities.
- Trojan Horses: Malicious programs disguised as legitimate software, used to trick users into downloading and executing them.
- Ransomware: Locks or encrypts a user’s files and demands payment to restore access.
- Spyware: Secretly monitors user activity, often to collect sensitive information like passwords or credit card details.
- Adware: Displays intrusive advertisements, sometimes collecting data on users without their consent.
- Rootkits: Enables attackers to gain and maintain privileged access to a system while hiding their presence.
- Keyloggers: Records every keystroke to capture passwords, messages, or other sensitive data.
- Bots: Compromised systems controlled by attackers, often part of a botnet used for launching attacks.
How Malware Spreads
- Phishing Emails: Containing infected attachments or malicious links.
- Compromised Websites: Hosting malware that downloads automatically when visited.
- USB Drives: Physical media that carry infected files.
- Software Downloads: Particularly from untrusted or unofficial sources.
- Exploiting Vulnerabilities: In operating systems, browsers, or applications.
Signs of Malware Infection
- Slowed device performance.
- Unexpected pop-ups or ads.
- Changes in settings or software without your consent.
- Suspicious network activity.
- Frequent crashes or error messages.
- Files being encrypted or inaccessible.
Protection Against Malware
- Install and update antivirus/anti-malware software.
- Keep your operating system and applications updated to patch vulnerabilities.
- Avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading files from untrusted sources.
- Use strong, unique passwords and enable multi-factor authentication.
- Regularly back up important data to avoid losing it to ransomware or other attacks.
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